diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/ClassNameComparator.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/ClassNameComparator.java
index dd5af1ce1de16bfb554d36053268f07ed90bcc79..af5ab9978e030c090a40eab90f8fa566bbc3ea3f 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/ClassNameComparator.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/ClassNameComparator.java
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ import java.util.Comparator;
  * @author DMcG
  * @version $Id:$
  */
-public class ClassNameComparator implements Comparator<Pdu> {
+public class ClassNameComparator implements Comparator<Pdu>
+{
+    /** default constructor */
+    public ClassNameComparator()
+    {
+        // initialization code here
+    }
 
     /**
      * Returns a number less than, equal to, or greater than zero,
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse.java
index 26deb74c4791c50c425595481252247509bcdd7b..75b6037cfe548fe0a9366a895ad60c1518c1aa8b 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse.java
@@ -70,6 +70,11 @@ import edu.nps.moves.dis7.entities.usa.platform.surface.*;
  */
 public class EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse
 {
+    /** default constructor */
+    public EntityStateEntityIdExampleUse()
+    {
+        // initialization code here
+    }
   /**
    * Using two methods, create and send an EntityStatePDU, describing an AD44 Shenandoah destroyer tender, uid 11963.
    * @throws IOException report if problem occurs
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReaderPlayer.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReaderPlayer.java
index 6f422c15057145d4fad50e5bd802de1abdcaad16..d2b4057e0d25d4426e85c677109f2a12e27a4eed 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReaderPlayer.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReaderPlayer.java
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ public class PduReaderPlayer
 {
   private final static String DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = "./pduLog";
 /** Default multicast group address we send on.
-    * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address</a> */
+  * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address</a> */
   public static final String  DEFAULT_MULTICAST_ADDRESS = DisThreadedNetworkInterface.DEFAULT_DIS_ADDRESS;
-  /** @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)</a> */
+  /** Default multicast port we send on.
+  * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)</a> */
   public static final int     DEFAULT_MULTICAST_PORT    = DisThreadedNetworkInterface.DEFAULT_DIS_PORT;
 
   private enum mystate
@@ -34,6 +35,12 @@ public class PduReaderPlayer
     RUNNING,
     PAUSED;
   }
+  
+  /** default constructor */
+  public PduReaderPlayer ()
+  {
+      // initialization code here
+  }
 
   /** Command-line invocation (CLI) of program, execution starts here
     * @param args command-line arguments
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiver.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiver.java
index 280dffa9e1beb44f7cebf7c19a60b7e981ceada9..31f5fc92613d87c9773df649ce1076ca03461b48 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiver.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiver.java
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ import java.util.List;
  */
 public class PduReceiver
 {
+  /** default constructor */
+  public PduReceiver ()
+  {
+      // initialization code here
+  }
+  
   /** Command-line invocation (CLI)
     * @param args command-line arguments
     */
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiverNIO.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiverNIO.java
index 4a57d4b2d6d9f94e2317ec84a1541e74d59719b0..ffe5efec17ef961bed91a31961fb1c0172066472 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiverNIO.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduReceiverNIO.java
@@ -15,12 +15,17 @@ import java.net.MulticastSocket;
 
 /**
  * Receives PDUs from the network in IEEE format. Very similar to EspduReciver, but this
- * uses Robert Harder's more memory-efficient NIO code.
+ * implementation uses Robert Harder's more memory-efficient NIO code.
  *
  * @author DMcG rharder
  */
 public class PduReceiverNIO
-{
+{  
+    /** default constructor */
+    public PduReceiverNIO ()
+    {
+        // initialization code here
+    }
   /** Command-line invocation (CLI)
     * @param args command-line arguments
     */
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSender.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSender.java
index 7a3e52eee55178846b4c2c71d7d382cf92fbbb2c..24ea8b16f2b49bb1d8dec3ce51afd11e8c07ffdd 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSender.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSender.java
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ public class PduSender
 {
   /** default value avoids unterminated zombie senders */
   public static final int NUMBER_TO_SEND = 5000;
+  
+    /** default constructor */
+    public PduSender()
+    {
+        // initialization code here
+    }
 
   /** TCP/IP network modes */
   public enum NetworkMode
diff --git a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSenderNIO.java b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSenderNIO.java
index 7a8b5159e1338f8b702ae31dff4f2d683b67e5db..a684c984ba005fb6341c19c8d3f2331595733c82 100644
--- a/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSenderNIO.java
+++ b/src/edu/nps/moves/dis7/examples/PduSenderNIO.java
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ import java.net.MulticastSocket;
  */
 public class PduSenderNIO
 {
+    /** default constructor */
+    public PduSenderNIO()
+    {
+        // initialization code here
+    }
+    
   /** Command-line invocation (CLI)
     * @param args command-line arguments
     */